APW

 APW-01

Q1. Contribution of Nurool Quader Khan

• Pioneer of the Bangladesh RMG industrythe 
• Sent 130 trainees to South Korea (1978)
• Introduced modern garment production skills
•  Laid foundation for export-oriented factories

Q2. Importance of Desh Garments Ltd.
 First joint venture with Daewoo (1979)
 First 100% export-oriented company
 Started production in 1980 with 120 trained operators
 Became model for future garment factories
Q3. Trending Technologies in Apparel Manufacturing
1. Automation & Robotics – Sewing, cutting, handling
2. AI – Forecasting, defect check, smart production
3. 3D Printing & Virtual Sampling – Prototyping, waste reduction
4. IoT & Smart Factories – Real-time monitoring
5. Sustainable & Smart Fabrics – Eco-friendly, wearable tech
Q4. Advantages of CAD in pattern design
 Faster sample development
 Consistent grading & improved fit
 Better marker efficiency (fabric savings)
 Digital storage + 3D visualization for approvals
Q5. Maintenance management in RMG machinery
 Preventive maintenance: scheduled checks & replacements
 Corrective maintenance: quick repairs + spare inventory
 IoT sensors & anomaly detection
 Improves MTBF, reduces downtime & cost
 

Q1. Different garment production systems
 Make-Through System → one operator makes full garment, flexible but costly
 Progressive Bundle System (PBS) → bundles move operator to operator, good for mass production
 Unit Production System (UPS) → computer-controlled transport, low WIP, high investment
 Modular Production System (MPS) → team-based, high productivity, needs multi-skilled workers
Q2. Stitch classification (six classes)
 Class 100 → Chain stitch, weak, used for basting
 Class 200 → Hand stitch, decorative, costly
 Class 300 → Lock stitch, strong, common topstitch
 Class 400 → Multi-thread chain stitch, strong, denim seams
 Class 500 → Overlock stitch, prevents fraying, knit garments
 Class 600 → Cover stitch/Flatlock, stretch garments, decorative seams
Q3. Properties of a good seam
 Strength & durability
 Comfort & elasticity
 Security (no unraveling)
 Good appearance (no puckering/folding)
Q4. Classification of sewing threads
 Natural fibers → cotton, silk, wool, linen
 Synthetic fibers → polyester (strongest), nylon (durable)
 Constructions → continuous filament, staple spun, core-spun, texturized filament
 Numbering → Ne, Nm (fixed weight); Tex, Denier (fixed length)

APW-2
Q5. Alternative fabric joining methods
 Fusing → resin interlining with heat & pressure
 Welding → vibrational heat, waterproof seams
 Adhesives → thin films, waterproof garments
 Molding → permanent shaping of thermoplastic fabrics
Q6. Advanced machines in RMG
 Cutting → straight knife, band knife, CNC, laser
 Sewing → lockstitch, overlock, flatlock, buttonhole, pocket setter
 Embroidery → multi-head, computerized, sequin, laser embroidery
 Finishing → steam iron, fusing, needle detector
 AI-enabled → sewing robots, auto cutting, AI inspection
Q7. Difference between trims & accessories
 Accessories (non-attached): hangtags, cartons, polybags, hangers
 Trims (attached): buttons, zippers, labels, lace, elastic, rivets
 Trims = must for making garments, Accessories = extra for styling.

APW-3

Q1. Importance of Quality Control (QC)
 Ensures product consistency
 Builds buyer confidence
 Reduces rework & waste (cost efficiency)
 Protects brand reputation & competitiveness
Q2. Difference between QA and QC
 QA (Quality Assurance): prevention of defects, planned procedures
 QC (Quality Control): detection & correction of defects
 QA = proactive, QC = reactive
 Both ensure buyer requirements are met
Q3. Types of Inspection in Apparel Production
 Incoming inspection (raw materials)
 In-line inspection (during sewing)
 End-line inspection (after sewing)
 Final inspection (after finishing/packing)
Q4. Fabric Inspection Systems
 4-Point System (ASTM D5430): defects scored 1–4 points, roll rejected if >40 points/100 yards
 10-Point System: older, subjective scoring (small, medium, large defects)
 Other checks: shading, width, density
Q5. Common Apparel Production Faults
 Fabric faults: holes, shade variation, stains
 Garment faults: wrong measurement, poor fit, wrong placement
 Sewing faults: skipped stitches, seam puckering, broken stitches
 Impact: buyer rejection, rework cost, shipment delay
Q6. AQL (Acceptable Quality Level)
 Maximum defective items allowed in sample lot
 Steps: identify lot size → refer AQL table → random sample → count defects → compare with acceptance
number
 Defect types: critical (safety), major (function), minor (appearance)
Q7. Industry Practices in QC
 Standard checklists & SOPs for inspection
 Buyer-specific quality manuals (H&M, Walmart, Inditex)
 Third-party inspection (SGS, Intertek, BV)
 Lean & Six Sigma for defect reduction & process control

APW-4

Q1. Types of functional yarns used in protective clothing
 Moisture-wicking polyester → keeps skin dry
 Antibacterial yarn (copper ions) → kills microbes
 Thermal storage yarn → regulates temperature
 Recycled polyester (rPET) → eco-friendly
Q2. Sources of innovation for protective clothing
 Trend forecasting platforms (e.g., WGSN)
 Global exhibitions (Heimtextil, Techtextil, Première Vision)
 Brand collaborations (Patagonia, Hugo Boss)
 Consumer insights (social media, influencers)
 R&D partnerships with universities/labs
Q3. Test methods for protective clothing
 ISO, ASTM, AATCC standards
 Tensile strength & seam strength
 Color fastness & shrinkage
 Moisture management
 Flame resistance & antimicrobial efficacy
Q4. Profitability & sustainability drivers
 Profitability → product differentiation, efficient sourcing, brand partnerships, smart inventory
 Sustainability → recycled materials, water-saving dyeing, circular design, carbon reduction goals
Q5. Global yarn sustainability classification
 Natural fibers → biodegradable but water-intensive
 Recycled fibers → reduce landfill & carbon footprint
 Plant-based synthetics (PLA, Lyocell) → biodegradable, lower emissions
 Conventional synthetics → durable but non-biodegradable
Q6. Polyester types & applications
 Microfiber → sportswear, activewear
 Fleece → outerwear, blankets
 Spun polyester → apparel, home textiles
 Recycled polyester → sustainable fashion
 Blended polyester → casual wear, uniforms
 PCDT polyester → upholstery, industrial textiles
 High-tenacity polyester → technical textiles, workwear
Q7. Challenges in developing protective clothing in Bangladesh
 Limited availability of functional yarns locally
 Expertise mainly in cotton, not synthetics
 Few facilities for synthetic fabric production
 Very few synthetic yarn manufacturers
Q8. Finishing techniques & value addition
 Mercerization → luster & strength (medium upcharge)
 Sueding/Napping → soft feel (medium)
 Antimicrobial finish → hygiene (high)
 Water repellent → outdoor use (high)
 Embossing/Calendering → texture & sheen (medium)